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内容简介

临床评估是医学的核心。繁忙的临床医生和护士常常需要在有限的时间内对患者进行临床评估。本书向读者讲授如何有效、准确、安全地收集临床信息。作者采用针对性方法，为临床医生提供评估策略。 介绍每种疾病时体例一致，具体包括： 病史的主要特征； 患者常见的想法、关注点和期望； 对明确诊断和预后有帮助的症状或表现； 应该进行的检查及原因； 重要的鉴别诊断及临床特征； 对患者评估有帮助的建议、技巧和提示。

作者介绍

克努特·施罗德，(Knut Schroeder)是英国布里斯托大学医学专业高级讲师。他的主要研究方向是临床评估和诊断。

目 录

Foreword xi Preface to st edition xii Preface to nd edition xiv About the author xv Acknowledgements xvi Selected useful resources xvii The focused consultation Focused clinical assessment Useful consultation tools Redflags in general practice Undifferentiated and miscellaneous presentations Suspected cancer Weight loss Tiredness Dizziness Chronic pain Sudden collapse and syncope Frequent attenders Medication review and polypharmacy Medically unexplained symptoms Insomnia Irritability and ‘stress‘ Domestic violence Homelessness Paediatrics and adolescent health The sick and/or feverish child Suspected meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia Neonatal jaundice Faltering growth Headache and migraine in children Head injury in children Suspected cancer in children and adolescents Abdominal pain in children Hearing loss in children Childhood cough Childhood wheeze Constipation in children Childhood obesity Suspected child abuse and neglect Nocturnal enuresis Knee problems in children Hip problems in children Adolescent health problems Self-harm in teenagers Eating disorders. Autism-spectrum disorder Cardiovascular Chest pain Palpitations Cardiovascular risk assessment Hypertension Atrial fibrillation Heart failure Peripheral vascular disease Respiratory Shortness of breath Haemoptysis Suspected lung cancer Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Suspected pneumonia Pleural effusion Pulmonary embolism Endocrine and metabolic Diabetes review Obesity Hirsutism in women Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Hyponatraemia Hypernatraemia Hypokalaemia Hyperkalaemia Hypocalcaemia Hypercalcaemia Gastrointestinal Nausea and vomiting Dysphagia Dyspepsia and reflux Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and melaena Abdominal pain Constipation Diarrhoea Rectal bleeding and suspected bowel cancer Abnormal liver function tests Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease Coeliac disease Infectious diseases Fever of unknown origin Fever and illness in the returning traveller HIV infection and AIDS Tuberculosis Rheumatic fever Haematology Iron-deficiency anaemia Macrocytic anaemia (B and folate deficiency) Bleeding disorders Myeloma Musculoskeletal Soft-tissue injury Acute hot and swollen joint Chronic musculoskeletal pain Polyarthralgia Neck pain Back pain Shoulder and arm problems Elbow problems Hand problems Hip pain Groin problems Leg pain and/or swelling Knee pain Foot and ankle problems Gout Osteoporosis Neurology Headache Transient ischaemic attack and stroke Head injury in adults Suspected or confirmed brain tumour Tremor Motor neurone disease. Peripheral neuropathy Multiple sclerosis Gynaecology Combined oral contraception Menorrhagia Amenorrhoea Breast lumps Loss of libido Polycystic ovary syndrome Suspected ovarian cancer Obstetrics Routine antenatal care Bleeding in early pregnancy Abdominal pain in pregnancy Pre-eclampsia Urology and renal medicine Suspected urinary tract infection in women Lower urinary tract symptoms in men Urinary incontinence Urethral discharge in men Scrotal and testicular problems Erectile dysfunction Renal or ureteric colic (kidney stones) Haematuria Chronic kidney disease Mental health Depression Self-harm and harm to others Anxiety phobias and panic disorder Alcohol screening Alcohol dependence Illicit drug misuse Obsessive-compulsive disorder Mania Schizophrenia Skin Moles and malignant melanoma Pressure ulcers Ophthalmology Eye injuries The acute red eye Gradual painless visual disturbance Sudden painless visual disturbance Eye problems in older people Ear nose and throat Neck swelling Sore throat Ear pain Hearing loss in adults Tinnitus Sinusitis and facial pain Problems in older people General health assessment in older people Cognitive problems and dementia Falls in older people Delirium and acute confusional state Depression in older people Palliative and end-of-life care Parkinson‘s disease Index.

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